A union can play a significant role in protecting workers' rights, advocating for fair treatment, and ensuring equitable workplace practices. When someone tells you they have a union job—or that the role you’re applying for is a union job—it means that the person in that role is represented by a labor union, an organized group that collectively bargains with employers for better wages, improved benefits, and safer working conditions.
In this article, we'll explore in detail what union jobs are, weigh their pros and cons, and learn which industries offer the most opportunities. We'll also provide practical tips on how to get a union job that aligns with your career goals.
What is a union job?
A union job is a position where employees are members of a labor union, an organization that acts on behalf of its members to negotiate with employers for better work conditions.
This collective bargaining power enables workers to secure higher wages, stronger benefits, job security, and a voice in workplace decisions. For workers, unions serve as a safeguard against unfair practices by employers, ensuring their rights are protected and their work environment remains equitable.
Union jobs come with a formal contract that outlines job terms and protects workers' rights. Workers in union jobs often receive higher pay, health benefits, and job security, as the union ensures these perks through negotiation. On the other hand, in a non-union job, employees typically negotiate their salaries and benefits individually, and they may not have the same level of protection against unfair treatment or sudden changes in job conditions.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, union members had a median usual weekly earnings of $1,263 in 2023, while non-union workers had a median usual weekly earnings of $1,090. This difference is even higher when it comes to Hispanic or Latino workers: $1,098 vs. $841.
How do labor unions work?
Labor unions are structured to represent the collective interests of their members. Workers join a union and pay membership dues, which fund the activities and negotiations the union conducts on their behalf.
Union representatives negotiate with employers over issues like wages, benefits, working hours, and workplace safety. Once an agreement is reached, it becomes a legally binding contract that both the employer and employees must adhere to.
Labor unions also serve as mediators when disputes arise between employees and employers, and they can organize strikes or other forms of collective action if negotiations fail. Through these efforts, unions create a strong support system that empowers workers to demand fair treatment.
“In recent times, union membership has been on the rise, especially as workers seek better job conditions and security,” says Seth Persily, an attorney experienced in labor law and founder of Elite Litigators. “This trend means job seekers today might find more opportunities in unionized workplaces, which often offer better wages and benefits compared to non-union jobs.” However, unionized workers need to be aware of the specific requirements and processes associated with unions.
Benefits and drawbacks of a union job
Navigating the world of union jobs comes with its own set of advantages and challenges. Understanding the full picture can help you weigh the benefits and drawbacks of working in a unionized environment.
Benefits of union jobs
- Higher wages and better benefits: Unionized employees often earn more than their non-union counterparts due to collective bargaining, which allows unions to negotiate better pay and comprehensive benefits packages.
- Job security and protection from unjust firing: Unions provide a layer of protection against sudden layoffs and wrongful terminations. “When layoffs or company closures happen, unions usually negotiate for fair severance packages, extended benefits, and sometimes even job placement assistance,” Persily says. This means that workers in unionized jobs can feel more secure in their roles, knowing they have a team advocating for their rights during tough times.
- Collective bargaining for better work conditions: Unions give workers a voice in negotiating work conditions such as hours, safety standards, and workload expectations. The power of collective bargaining ensures employers are held accountable for providing safe and fair working environments. Without union support, employees might struggle to have these concerns addressed individually.
- Access to legal representation in workplace disputes: Union members benefit from legal support during disputes with their employers, whether related to contract violations or mistreatment. Unions provide access to legal counsel and representation, offering protection that non-union workers often have to secure on their own.
Drawbacks of union jobs
- Union dues: One of the primary downsides of union jobs is the cost of membership. Union dues, typically deducted from wages, can vary but are required to support the operations and activities of the union, including legal representation and collective bargaining. While these dues contribute to significant benefits, they can be a financial burden for some workers.
- Potential conflicts with management: Unions can sometimes create tension between workers and management. When negotiating for better conditions, unions may challenge management decisions, leading to friction in the workplace and a less collaborative atmosphere between workers and employers.
- Strikes and work stoppages: In some cases, unions may call for strikes or work stoppages as a form of protest during contract negotiations. While these actions aim to achieve better conditions, they can also result in a temporary loss of income for workers. Additionally, prolonged strikes can strain the relationship between employees and management, making workplace dynamics more challenging.
- Limited individual negotiation: “Union membership means you might have less personal bargaining power, as wages and conditions are negotiated for the group as a whole,” Persily says. This can limit opportunities for career growth, especially for those seeking to stand out or customize their work arrangements. The rigid structure of unions may further reduce opportunities for personal advancement.
Common industries and occupations that offer union jobs
Union jobs can be found in a wide range of sectors. “You’ll often find them in the public sector, including government jobs; the entertainment industry, such as film and TV; utilities, covering everything from power plants to water facilities; transportation and warehousing, with roles like drivers and warehouse workers; education, where many teachers are unionized; construction, involving various trades; and broadcasting, including jobs in television and radio,” Persily says.
Let’s take a closer look at some industries with strong union presence:
Manufacturing
- Steelworkers: Welders, metal fabricators, machine operators
- Auto workers: Assembly line workers, automotive technicians, quality inspectors
Construction
- Electricians: Residential electricians, industrial electricians, electrical foremen
- Plumbers: Pipefitters, journeyman plumbers, plumbing contractors
- Carpenters: Framing carpenters, finish carpenters, cabinet makers
Education
- Teachers: Elementary school teachers, high school teachers, special education teachers
- University faculty: Professors, adjunct instructors, research associates
Healthcare
- Nurses: Registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), nurse practitioners (NPs)
- Hospital staff: Medical assistants, radiologic technologists, respiratory therapists
Public sector
- Government workers: Administrative clerks, policy analysts, civil engineers.
- Postal employees: Mail carriers, postal clerks, package handlers
Entertainment and broadcasting
- Film and TV workers: Camera operators, set designers, costume designers
- Television and radio professionals: Broadcast technicians, news anchors, sound engineers
Utilities
- Power plant operators: Nuclear power plant operators, turbine technicians, and control room operators
- Water facility employees: Water treatment plant operators, wastewater technicians, and maintenance workers
Transportation and warehousing
- Drivers: Bus drivers, delivery drivers, long-haul truckers
- Warehouse workers: Forklift operators, inventory specialists, shipping and receiving clerks
How to get a union job
Getting a union job requires strategy, research, and often some networking. In some industries, you can join a union before securing a job. This is common in fields like construction or entertainment, where unions may provide job placement services or give priority to union members when hiring. In others, you may join the union after being hired for a unionized job.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to how to apply for union jobs:
1. Research unionized industries
Start by identifying which industries and companies are unionized. Manufacturing, construction, education, healthcare, and public sector jobs are among the most common areas with union representation. Investigating the unions within your field can help you understand their requirements and what you need to prepare.
2. Look for union job postings
Search for unionized job listings on specialized platforms such as union job boards, union websites, and even government employment sites. Some of the best-known sites include the AFL-CIO job board and industry-specific union websites. In addition, platforms like LinkedIn might feature union job opportunities under specific filters.
3. Network, network, network
“Attending industry events, connecting with union members, and engaging with union representatives can be important,” Persily says. Union meetings or professional events can provide invaluable opportunities to learn about job openings and get a foot in the door. “You can also consider joining industry-specific professional groups or taking courses that are valued by unions.”
4. Research union apprenticeships
Many unions offer apprenticeship programs, especially in skilled trades like plumbing, electrical work, and carpentry. These programs provide hands-on training and a pathway into the union and the industry. Research available apprenticeships and apply through the union or the program's official site.
5. Finally, apply for the job
Curious how to apply for a union job? It’s simple. Once you find a unionized job, follow the standard job application process, submitting documents like resumes, certifications, and references. Some industries may require specific qualifications, so be sure to highlight relevant experience that meets union and employer requirements.
6. Join the union after employment
After securing a union job, you’ll typically be required to join the union (if you haven’t already). Many employers mandate union membership as part of their employment contract (known as a union shop). This process often involves a probationary period before becoming a full member, during which you may still need to pay partial union dues.
Bottom line
Union jobs offer a unique blend of security, better wages, and collective bargaining power that can significantly enhance your career and work-life balance. While there are some trade-offs, such as union dues and potential limitations on individual negotiations, the benefits—like job protection, legal representation, and improved working conditions—often outweigh the drawbacks for many workers. Whether you're just starting out or looking for a change, union jobs can provide a stable and rewarding path forward.